Theories in Class!


TheoryTheoristDescription (100 words)Example (100 words)
Media ownership / regulationThere is a regulation of new media technologies is to ensure the cultural diversity in media content, and provide a free space of public access and various opinions and ideasIn the UK, actions such as providing a Watershed, which is a time period where anything shown on TV should be family friendly spanning from 5.30 am to 9.00 pm.
SynergyThis is when to media texts with different brands come together to create and produce a new media or productFortnite, a video game, synergized with Marshmello, an American DJ to host a virtual concert.
Cross Media ConvergenceThis is when a media text uses different types of media to distribute the same brand or text, used to market their product.An example of this is Batman, owned by DC Comics. This media text was originally a comic book character which later was adapted into movies, tv shows, and  video games
New MediaNew media are media texts or types of media texts that exist due to to the presence of technological convergence.An example of this is Netflix, a streaming service created with the presence of the internet.
Two Step FlowThe audience doesn't trust the media, which causes them to seek for a leader or a large influence and follow their opinion.Opinion leaders may offer their own interpretation of news reported by the media during a presidential election. This may significantly affect how people vote.
Technological ConvergenceTechnological convergence is the combination of content and existing technology. It further aims to convert existing media into a digital form of technology.An example of is Audible, an audio-based e-book website. Where books were traditionally paper-based, e-books are now present.
Genre TheorySteve NealeA way to categorize media products is by grouping them together via their shared characteristics. Genre creates restrictions, but it also creates templates for media producers to follow.The movie 500 Days of Summer follows the common trope in the romance genre of "boy meets girl". This allows the audience to have prior expectations of what the movie will be like.
DesensitisationThis is when an audience is repeatedly exposed to a specific or shocking and violent content. The audience grows to become less empathetic about what they are seeing and start to see the action or events as a normal thing.The video game GTA, constantly exposes children to violence and explicit content, making younger people desensitized to such violence, which becomes normalised.
Reception TheoryStuart HallThis is how an audience decodes codes that are encoded in a media text. The codes are received in different ways, which are called readings. (Preferred, Negotiated, Oppositional)In the movie Captain America: The First Avenger, the producer created Red Skull as the main villain or bad guy. However, if an audience sees Red Skull as a good guy this would be an oppositional reading.
Cultivation TheoryGeorge GerbnerExposure to media over time will further emphasize existing ideologies. People will choose to consume media that already agrees with their opinions. An example of this is with the common representation of black people as criminals in the show Criminal Minds, the audience begin to grow a fear and start showing racism towards black people because of the media.
5 Narrative CodesRoland BarthesMedia text share five different types of semiotic components, according to Barthes. These signifiers are collected by him into five different codes: hermeneutic, proairetic, semantic, symbolic, and cultural. These codes are used to keep the narrative going and to keep the audience engaged.An example of this is present in the movie Avengers: Infinity War. A proairetic code or action code was present in Thanos snapping which caused half of the existing population to die or disappear. This allowed for the narrative to be further driven.
Binary OppositesLevi StraussIt implies that the majority of stories in media formats like books and movies have ideologies that contrast one another. These polar opposites serve to introduce contrast, advance the story, and thicken the storyline.An apparent binary opposite shown in the show The English Game was Rich vs Poor. Where they were represented using the clothes they wore, dialogue they spoke, and locations they were set in.
Globalisation
Social Learning


 

Critical Self Reflection

 This is a post that shows my critical self-reflection our project, made and written by me (Timothy)



Critical Self Reflection by Timo

The brief set by Cambridge: The titles and opening of a new fiction film (to last a maximum of two minutes). Titles should follow the institutional conventions of commercial cinema. The task may be undertaken individually or as a group.

With this, a few friends and I formed a group to create a teen romance/musical movie opening about a boy who grew out of love for his craft because of his strict upbringing, until he met a girl who could finally reignite the spark that was once there.

Critical Self-Reflection - Canva Presentation

How does your product use or challenge conventions and how does it represent social groups or issues? 

The film's opening was carefully crafted after researching and analyzing similar films, such as 500 Days of Summer and Whiplash, to create a compelling and emotionally resonant experience for the audience. Moonlight Sonata is a film that primarily revolves around music and romance, with a subtle underlying theme of childhood traumas caused by strict parents. The title was chosen because it perfectly captures the essence of love and music, as "moonlight" is a term commonly associated with love and romance. The film features Asian actors to represent the stereotypes of strict Asian parents and the pressure to excel in piano playing. The main character, who initially loved playing the piano, gradually develops a strong dislike towards it after being forced to practice relentlessly. This is a common experience for many Asians. 

We also portrayed the main character's mother as a strict matron, using her clothing and facial expressions to reflect her increasing severity and lack of emotion as the story progressed. We generally conformed to most of the common conventions of the Romance genre in our film, such as using the classic "boy-meets-girl" trope and having the main characters share a common interest. In accordance with Steven Neale's genre theory, we aimed to make our film stand out by using music and the piano as a central aspect of the romance between our main characters, which is not typically seen in the genre. The setting of a private school was chosen to reflect a more affluent environment that is typically associated with owning and playing the piano, which is often portrayed as a middle-class pastime. To enhance this theme, we filmed in a more elegant and grand location, complete with large rooms, luxurious furnishings, and an expensive piano. To appeal to a wider audience, we decided to use English as the primary language spoken in the film.

How does your product engage with audiences and how would it be distributed as a real media text? 

Moonlight Sonata is a movie ideally targeted towards teenagers and young adults, aging from 13-30. The movie contains representations of both teenagers and young adults which can aid in building audience engagement. This movie is also targeted towards people who enjoy romance and more generally, music. Therefore, the film can successfully target both men and women target markets as it is a romance that features a boy and a girl. The movie uses Barthes' hermeneutic code by not showing the love interest's face, we did this by only using clips where her lips are shown, this creates a feeling of curiousity by adding suspense and a sense of mystery in the audience and keeps them engaged. 

Furthermore, this real media text would be distributed through trailers via social media such as YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter, ideally the trailers would be released a month before the release. Trailers can also be aired in cinemas, it should be released in June, as most schools end in this month. The final piece should be released during school holidays in June to July, as students might miss the feeling of going to school and can cope with so with the presence of this film.

How did your production skills develop throughout this project? 

When we first formed our team, I was supposed to take care of a large majority of the on-set production, this being camera work and equipment setup. I was also in charge of the post-production segment of this project being in full control of what happens in the editing process. With time, I learned the necessary skills required for camera work, with this I researched about the rule of thirds and the triangle of exposure. This was crucial for the on-set execution, this is because learning about the rule of thirds made the framing and composition that much better. The triangle of exposure, however was harder to implement as it took a lot of experimenting with the camera, due to a large variety of different lighting because of factors such as time and location, I had to constantly learn how to adapt the exposure to the natural light. I also tried to be more adventurous with experimenting with camera angles and camera movements, I tried using shots I have never tried before such as dolly shots followed by a dutch angle, a cowboy shot, and even a vertigo shot. Furthermore, I learnt about the set and costume design. I now understand that what a character wears and how they look can convey the meaning and message that the producers are trying to convey in the final product. I learnt how to do makeup on actors, these subtle touches can make the actors more appealing in the movie. 

How did you integrate technologies – software, hardware and online – in this project? 

In the process of creating the film opening, we utilized a variety of tools including hardware, software, and online resources. Prior to the production of this project, I already owned SONY A7 camera with a Zeiss 24-70/F4.5 lens and a MOZA AirCross camera stabilizer, which we used for filming. However, we decided to rent additional equipment such as CN1200DH 5400K 72W lighting panel and YongNuo 360 III RGB LED 3200-5500K light bar, this allowed for more flexible lighting as this product was very portable and easy to hold, this allowed for to very easily adjust the lighting angles. Furthermore, we rented a GODOX Gm55 4K HDMI camera monitor because from prior experience I had trouble setting the focus of the shot, with this monitor, it made this process far more efficient. Overall this hardware allowed us to use cinematography techniques that convey more meaning. For instance, the camera and lens allowed us to use depth of focus to highlight specific characters and events. We used the lighting allowed for more flexible exposure as we could adjust the aperture to create more bokeh, which is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. This is because without the lighting, we would not be able to create this effect because if we set the aperture too low, the overall image would look too dark or underexposed. Additionally, we used a shotgun microphone, which was the RØDE VideoMic, the microphone had a unidirectional pickup pattern, this is when it only captures audio from the direction it is pointed at, this allows us to eliminate the presence of jarring white noise, and allows us to get rid of background noise, this microphone was lent to us by one of our classmates. For software, we used Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2022 for editing and color grading, and Google Docs to collaborate on the script and provide feedback. We also utilized Google Drive to share videos and pictures, and WhatsApp to coordinate our schedules and meeting locations. To make the script and screenplay more professional and more catered towards the industry standard, Maxi used a website called WriterDuet to format it.

 

Production - Behind The Scenes

Here are pictures of our behind the scenes process, all pictures were taken by Nayana, written by me (Timothy).

You can observe all the gear utilized, comprising of lighting panels such as the CN1200DH 5400K 72W and the YN360 RGB LED 3200-5500K, a Sony A7 camera with a Zeiss 24-70/F4.5 Lens, a camera stabilizer called MOZA AirCross, a GODOX Gm55, a RØDE VideoMic, and other equipment.

DAY 1 (Regents School Bali - 10/02/23)

On this day, we shot scenes of Hazel at school, introducing new characters, such as Hazel's Teacher (Benjamin Whitaker) and Harmony (Jasmine May), we rearranged a classroom to create a music room, we did this by using props, such as guitars, amplifiers, and musical note stands.




DAY 2 (Jalan Belanjong No. 14 - 11/02/23)

On this day, we shot the opening shot of the scene, featuring young Hazel (Timothy Mulia), adolescent Hazel (Matthew Tan), and Hazel's mother (Hawila Eva). This scene depicts young Hazel's first interaction with a piano as his mother records happily, as he grows into adolescent Hazel, his mother grows to become more strict, featuring props such as sheet music books, and trophies.



DAY 3 (Jalan Belanjong No. 14 - 12/02/23)

On this day, we shot the present Hazel (Danny Budiada) where he is seen to be stressed under pressure as his mother becomes more strict. We gave Hazel's mother a makeover using baby powder to create an aging effect on her hair.










Post Production (Editing)

Here is the editing process of the movie. Made by me (Timothy)

To begin, I chose the timeline-based and non-linear video editing software application that is Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2020 as my primary choice of software for video editing. To begin, most of the files were transferred from the SD card used to my desktop to begin editing. 

The files were then imported into Premiere Pro, I then filtered the shots and deleted all the shots from the media library that I thought wouldn't be useful in the overall edit. I then downloaded the audio file of Liszt - Liebestraum No. 3 (Love Dream) and imported it into the project. It was the first thing dragged into the timeline as it is the main driving factor of the movie and most of the shots revolved around it. The editing software made it easier to choose parts of the song to sync clips to as it has the marking feature which allows the user to mark a certain part in the timeline with a label.

Shown below is the overall timeline of the project. 


SIGNIFICANT EDITING CHOICES AND METHODS

ASPECT RATIOS
One of the main editing features is the presence of adjustment layers to change the aspect ratio of the scene, this is seen throughout the entire movie. 



This was created using adjustment layers and the crop effect in Premiere Pro.


In the scene showing younger Hazel I edited the aspect ratio to be more narrow, this was done by using the crop feature by adding a number to the sides. I made the choice to add this effect as videos back in the day were commonly shot in this size. Whereas, adolescent Hazel was shown using a wider aspect ratio as this creates a more cinematic effect and makes the scene more dramatic.

TRANSITION (Match Cut - Book)

Another significant part of the movie was the transition from adolescent Hazel to present Hazel, this was shown using a transition where a book closes and opens. 



At first, this section did not look smooth at all and was very noticeable for the audience as the way we shot both the shots, both the angle and the hand placement was very different. This made for a choppy and jarring transition, however, after further revision using simple framing keyframes, this allowed for a more organized and centered framing while it smoothly tracks the actor's movement. The existing motion blur also helped in making the transition smoother as we shot the video at a lower shutter speed.


Using these keyframes, I changed both the scaling and the positioning of the clips.

COLOUR GRADING

A subtle part of video editing that is most of the time overlooked is the colour grading of the final 
product. The whole movie was colour graded using the feature of Lumetri Color in Premiere Pro. 

(this is an example of the settings I chose for the clip shown below)

RESULTS

without lumetri color

with lumetri color

This simple colour grading made the shot more cinematic with warm colours and a more natural skin tone. The original shot was overexposed and created unrealistic lighting and colour for a school environment, without colour grading it could have been very unattractive and it may stand out from the rest of the shots.

TITLE SCREEN (Moonlight Sonata Glow)

The final editing choice made was by far the most simple, this choice was to add a glow effect to the title screen. This was done by syncing it with the musical cue of a note playing. This effect was done by adding a copied layer of the original text, adding a stroke effect, and giving the text a camera blur, this was accompanied by keyframing the scale to make the text seem to glow, this was to mimic the moonlight glow to further emphasize our movie title.


blur effects available on Premiere Pro


RESULT

(final video is animated)